Comparing and Contrasting Confucianism and Legalism

Andrew Simedru Ms. Komar AP World History September 3, 2013 Comparing and Contrasting Confucianism and Legalism Confucius once said, â€Å"The more man meditates upon good thoughts, the better will be his world and the world at large.† Amidst the chaos of political instability and constant warring of the Zhou era, many philosophers arose that impacted China in the fields of politics, religion, and philosophy. Two of these philosophers were Confucius, who lived from 551 to 479 B.C.E., and Han Feizi, who lived around 233 B.C.E. These two created the Confucianism and Legalism that significantly changed the society is still in use in modern China. Confucianism became the dominant way of thinking and the later philosophy of Legalism†¦show more content†¦Strength produces force; force produces prestige; prestige produces virtue. Virtue has its origin in strength. The sage ruler alone possesses it, and therefore he is able to transmit humaneness and rightness to all-under-he aven†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shang 259). However, I believe this is not quite concisely what the Legalists hold a firm believe in; such rhetoric might only represent the idea from an angle that the ruler could accept at ease. Being a political institution and a critical part of the regime, the Legalists have concerns for themselves and may therefore seek personal and power advancement as well in their assisting the state. With such a thought, the third premise can be better stated as: all individuals, authorities and government apparatus will never run into interest conflicts with, and will always reside under, the centralized administration headed by a tiny minority of people who have the ultimate supremacy and power. Noteworthily, such a precondition has an immediate accord with the social need at that time as mentioned earlier, in which a rationalShow MoreRelatedThe Two Chinese Philosophies Of Confucianism1816 Words   |  8 PagesThe two Chinese philosophies of Legalism and Confucianism could not be more opposite. Even though two of the writers of Legalism were students of Xinzu, a philosopher of Confucianism, there are more of differences than similarities between the two. Because of this, legalism, which preceded the concept of Confucianism, had a lot of reasons why Confucianism was considered wrong. While towards the fall of the Qin Dynasty, Confucian beliefs started to revamp and become more widely accepted and thus theyRead MoreThe Between The Prince And Han Fei Tz1817 Words   |  8 Pageseastern concepts. Therefore, in this essay, I will be comparing and contrasting the similarities and the unlikeness between The Prince and Han Fei Tz. Throughout the essay, my purpose is to analyze whether or not these two theories can be applied to the real world efficiently. To start with, I would like to introduce more about Han Fei, whose status in China is as important as Machiavelli’s in the western country. Before the Qin Dynasty, Confucianism was the mainstream and most of the people followedRead MoreWorld History AP8768 Words   |  36 Pageswas no less reliant on military force and no less brutal than the centuries-long Roman effort. †¢ Unlike Rome’s transition from republic to empire, the creation of the Chinese empire had only brief and superficial domestic repercussions. 7. In comparing the Roman and Chinese empires, which do you find more striking—their similarities or their differences? †¢ The Roman and Chinese empires shared many common features, though they did also differ in important ways. In general, the Chinese empire was

The Shareholders Of Aspen Pharmacare Holdings Ltd

Earnings per share (also called net income per share) is a ratio that measures net income earned per share of stock outstanding, and is the money each share of stock would receive if all of the profits were distributed to the outstanding shares at year end. The higher the EPS, the better the business is as an investment from a shareholders perspective. EPS could be due to an increase in profit or a decrease in the number of shares in issue, which causes the return for each share to be higher. Application: Earnings per Share serve as an indicator of a company s profitability. The EPS increased 325 cents from 773 cents in 2013 to 1098 cents in 2014. The company’s profitability increased by 42% in 2014, which is a great improvement from 2013. Profits increased from R3 514 100 000 in 2013 to R5 005 500 000 in 2014, and this played a big role in causing the EPS to increase by 42%. The shareholders of Aspen Pharmacare Holdings Ltd should be satisfied as the current year (2014) EPS was higher than usual, and a higher earnings per share ratio often makes the stock price of a company rise. Earnings Yield Earnings Yield 2013 = 37.71% Earnings Yield 2014 =37.60% Decreased 0.11% from 37.71% to 37.60% Definition: The Earnings Yield (the reciprocal of the P/E Ratio) can be used to easily compare the earnings of stock or the whole market against bond yields. It is the relationship between the company’s share price and earnings per share. Generally, the Earnings Yields ofShow MoreRelatedAspen Pharmacare Holdings Ltd What s Behind One Of The Jse s Stand Out Shares Over The Past Two Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe Investment Case – Aspen Pharmacare Holdings Ltd What’s behind one of the JSE’s stand-out SHARES over the past two years? Patrick Cairns | 12 January 2011 01:54 Aspen Holdings, Investing 101 ORAPA – Despite the pressures of intense competition and restrictive legislation, the South African pharmaceutical industry finds itself in strong health. Over the past two years, all of the three largest pharmaceutical shares listed on the JSE have been amongst the bourse‘s most robust performers. The SHARERead MoreShare Repurchases and the Protection of13310 Words   |  54 PagesShare repurchases and the protection of shareholders* KATHLEEN VAN DER LINDE** 1 Introduction From a creditor’s perspective there is not much difference between the payment of a dividend in respect of a share and a payment for the acquisition or repurchase of that share. However, from the point of view of the shareholder a dividend is a return on capital while a repurchase is a return of capital to the vendor shareholder. Share repurchases change the structure of the company’s share capitalRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 PagesP102–P191 Shareholder information P192–P212 Business review 2010 Performance overview Research and development Pipeline summary Products, competition and intellectual property Regulation Manufacturing and supply World market GSK sales performance Segment reviews Responsible business Financial review 2010 Financial position and resources Financial review 2009 Risk factors Governance and remuneration Our Board Our Corporate Executive Team Governance and policy Dialogue with shareholders Internal

Health Service Integration-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Health Service Integration. Answer: Introduction Health service integration (HSI) seems a logical and desirable strategy to improve both the efficiency and quality of service delivery (Le et al., 2016). A study conducted by Allan and Stevens (2007) examined a medium-sized urban Australian health districts endeavour to carry out an integration of acute and community services for serving a target population. The integration planning failed due to a number of challenges faced, the most crucial ones pertaining to lack of strong vision, inappropriate organisational structure, the absence of suitable leadership, a shortfall of resources and cultural conflicts. The failure to carry out a successful implementation of HSI demanded more advanced and planned strategies that would lead to the achievement of the desired outcomes. The present paper outlines a suitable change management plan, and strategic implementation plan that can address the key issues faced successful implementation of health service integration in the organisation. The aim of the paper is to propose strategies that would be highly beneficial for leading to a logical and appropriate health service integration process through enhanced transparency and planning. Purpose The purpose of the present change management plan and strategic implementation plan is to resolve the problems faced in the health service integration process, including inconsistent application of resources, lack of strong vision and inappropriate leadership styles that are autocratic. A desirable health service integration needs to be based on sound and planned change management practice that is outlined in this paper. Scope With the change management plan and strategic implementation plan in place, the health care system would be better able to implement the health service integration. It would cut across traditional care provider-focused service management system by putting the emphasis on diverse needs of the target population. Change Management Plan Overview of the plan For bringing about the desired changes in the organisation, it is necessary to eliminate all scopes of disinterest, distractions and negativism that can hinder the successful implementation of a plan. Certain elements are to be put in place in an organisation for bringing about the required changes and to hold on to these changes. These elements are to be addressed for the present Australian organisation for successfully implementing the health service integration (Kash et al., 2014). The elements are a shared and agreed-on direction and vision for practice, an effective and functional structure for leadership and a culture promoting change. By addressing these elements, it is expected that the organisation would be successful in fulfilling its objectives (Gesme Wiseman, 2010). Shared vision For engaging in strategic planning, it is pivotal that a vision statement is made. The step of articulating a strong vision would encourage input from the concerned stakeholders, that is managers and healthcare providers within the organisation. The strategic vision would change the thought process of the individuals, and they would recognise the underlying principles of integrating acute and community services for better patient outcomes. The resulting vision is to be communicated to all the members of the organisation, and there is a need of reinforcing the vision so that culture is fostered where everyone is ready to accept the changes required for moving towards the set vision (Gopee Galloway, 2017). Leadership In addition to establishing a shared vision, there is an utmost need of suitable leadership within all levels of healthcare providers. The key to the desired transformational change in the organisation would be to have leadership that can support, understand and explain the required changes. Then only can be organisation commit to the change. The correct approach would be to construct an appropriate leadership structure (Kumar Khiljee, 2016). This process would be two-step one. The first step would be the recruitment of senior leaders, while the second step would be leadership and training. Since the organisation is faced with a wide range of complexities, it would be good step to consider candidates from outside the organisation who can contribute towards leadership development in the organisation. The skills that would be the cornerstone of leadership are population health management experience, innovative thinking, transformation change management, clinical expertise and patient safety expertise (Sonnino, 2016). Healthcare leaders from outside organisations would potentially bring a fresh perspective within the organisation and the required skills and mind-set for the present organisation's members (Al-Balushi et al., 2014). The nest step would be leadership training. As per the suggestion of Delmatoff and Lazarus (2015), the modes of transferring leadership skills would be specific job-skill sessions, customised programs, conferences and one-to-one mentoring. The focus of the leadership program would be developing leadership skills, building knowledge and staying abreast of the developments in the field of health service integration. The program would bring together competent leaders and those who need further development under one roof for transfer of skills and knowledge. It can be expected that through thee development of leadership the organisation would be better able to embrace the changes required and demonstrate increased engagement in HSI (West et al., 2014). Shift in organisational culture Kelliher and Parry (2015) highlight that for shifting the culture of the organisation to the one that satisfies the need of change a head start is crucial. The physicians have a central role in this. As the physicians are caught up in inertia, the step taken could be to provide information to them. This step rests on the principle that information has incredible power and this holds true more for physicians. The practices referral base would be one of the primitive areas where information would be provided for the cultivation of the readiness of change. Benchmarking the data and comparing the practices performance on the basis of chief practice indicators would be helpful for encouraging a readiness for change (Jacobs et al., 2013). Readiness for change For getting best results of the planned changes, it is necessary to identify who all would go for it and who all would go against it. It is advisable to approach those who are keen on supporting the initiative on the immediate basis. Resistance to change would be normal, and fear of change underlies resistance at most times. It is, therefore, crucial to be sensitive to the impact of change on the ones who are directly involved. Conducting sessions with the individuals to mark out their issues would identify what holds them back to hold on to the change. The way to address the apprehensions is to show the individuals that mean by which the change would help them carry out their roles and functions in a more effective manner (Gesme Wiseman, 2010). Strategic implementation plan Time scale The change management plan can be implemented at a pilot scale in the initial basis for six months. Depending upon the effectiveness of the plan further changes can be suggested aligned with the growing needs (Antwi Kale, 2014). Strategic implementation of the proposed change management plan would require to rest upon four basic principles- communication, building up of a team culture, identification and empowerment of champions and provision for feedback and positive reinforcement. Steps for implementation Communication at the individual and operational level would be pivotal that would be emphasis on the two-way flow of information and interchange of ideas and viewpoints. For launching the transformative change, the staffs need to be given the opportunity to put forward their perspectives on the concept of HSI. This can be accomplished through regular meetings where clarifications, questions and concerns can be discussed, and suggestions can be proposed. In managing the change process, the participation of the stakeholders is essential. A team culture can be built and nurtured by impeding a climate of mutual respect and trust. Clear and realistic expectations are to be set that can empower individuals. The change would need identification of visible champions who have a strong commitment towards the goal. Teams are to be created with individuals who can take the responsibility of leading their peers (Hayes, 2014). Gathering feedback and considering a positive reinforcement would be the last, yet most significant step in the successful implementation of the change management plan. Healthcare professionals might want to know whether their attempts and initiatives have made any difference to service delivery in relation to HSI. Just as data was used for fostering change readiness, the same would be continued for documenting progress. Weekly reports are to be made on the results achieved. External data can be useful and credible feedback leading to sustainability of change. Findings of the viewpoints of the patients as well as the healthcare professionals about the change are to be combined for generating accumulated data highlighting the areas to be addressed urgently. In this regard, it is to be stated that taking the lead and encouraging others is the role all senior level managers must take up in a proactive manner (Lewis, 2016). Acknowledging the efforts given by the professionals would contr ibute towards sustainability of the change. Successes and milestones are crucial for fostering team cohesion. This is to be embedded in the strategic implementation plan if best results are to be achieved (Grol et al., 2013). As pointed out by the authors, successful change can only take place in an organisation where all individuals think that thee change for their benefit and they have a major contribution towards it. Limitation Though a evidence-based change management plan and strategic implementation plan has been outlined with potential benefits, it is likely that the organisation might suffer challenges in implementing it, highlighting the limitation of the plan. The cost-to-benefit ration needs to be assessed regulary for understanding whether the cost of change is outweighed by the benefits. Internal resistance might overpower the readiness to change and therefore needs to be taken care of. Lastly, change is to be compared with progress for fulfilling the set goals and objectives (Hayes, 2014). Conclusion Health service integration is the management and delivery of health services with the aim of providing clients with a continuum of curative as well as preventive services that cater their needs across different levels of the health care system. Against the backdrop of increasing healthcare demands of the Australian community, application of such a robust health service integration system would be highly beneficial. The case study discussed in the paper has marked some of the key and vital issues faced while implementing health service integration. These issues mainly revolve around the lack of leadership, inappropriate resource allocation and effective communication between members of the organisation. The above-outlined change management plan and strategic implementation plan is drafted with the aim of achieving the desired outcomes for health service integration. The plan would act as a solution for overcoming the arising problems and keep the functioning of the organisation at an optimal level. It is expected that with the proposed change plan there would be an increment in the organisational capability, thereby influencing the service delivery References Al-Balushi, S., Sohal, A. S., Singh, P. J., Al Hajri, A., Al Farsi, Y. M., Al Abri, R. (2014). Readiness factors for lean implementation in healthcare settingsa literature review.Journal of health organization and management,28(2), 135-153. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/JHOM-04-2013-0083 Allen, C., Stevens, S. (2007). Health service integration: a case study in change management.Australian Health Review,31(2), 267-275. https://www.publish.csiro.au/ah/AH070267 Antwi, M., Kale, M. (2014). Change Management in Healthcare.Kingston, ON: The Monieson Centre for Business Research in Healthcare, Queen's University School of Business. https://smith.queensu.ca/centres/monieson/knowledge_articles/files/Change%20Management%20in%20Healthcare%20-%20Lit%20Review%20-%20AP%20FINAL.pdf Delmatoff, J., Lazarus, I. R. (2015). The most effective leadership style for the new landscape of healthcare.Journal of Healthcare Management,59(4), 245-249. https://journals.lww.com/jhmonline/Abstract/2014/07000/The_Most_Effective_Leadership_Style_for_the_New.3.aspx Gesme, D., Wiseman, M. (2010). How to implement change in practice.Journal of oncology practice,6(5), 257-259. https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JOP.000089 Gopee, N., Galloway, J. (2017).Leadership and management in healthcare. Sage. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=GRgjDgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Leadership+and+management+in+healthcareots=R3Vsy7FPD7sig=8da-aULRhhJsYQrT907_9zYs8QM#v=onepageq=Leadership%20and%20management%20in%20healthcaref=false Grol, R., Wensing, M., Eccles, M., Davis, D. (Eds.). (2013).Improving patient care: the implementation of change in health care. John Wiley Sons. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=oEEzUjFbDM8Coi=fndpg=PT9dq=Improving+patient+care:+the+implementation+of+change+in+health+careots=6XiqTdkJWUsig=1yxGX4Qxozx5eXmWeLPIAhidVfE#v=onepageq=Improving%20patient%20care%3A%20the%20implementation%20of%20change%20in%20health%20caref=false Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=-jMdBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=The+theory+and+practice+of+change+managementots=50_l9rpJMrsig=8CICY4OWosyB5ActW3AsbbEwthI#v=onepageq=The%20theory%20and%20practice%20of%20change%20managementf=false Jacobs, R., Mannion, R., Davies, H. T., Harrison, S., Konteh, F., Walshe, K. (2013). The relationship between organizational culture and performance in acute hospitals.Social science medicine,76, 115-125. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953612007368 Kash, B. A., Spaulding, A., Johnson, C. E., Gamm, L. (2014). Success factors for strategic change initiatives: a qualitative study of healthcare administrators' perspectives.Journal of Healthcare Management,59(1), 65-82. https://journals.lww.com/jhmonline/Abstract/2014/01000/Success_Factors_for_Strategic_Change_Initiatives_.8.aspx Kelliher, C., Parry, E. (2015). Change in healthcare: the impact on NHS managers.Journal of Organizational Change Management,28(4), 591-602. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/JOCM-12-2013-0237 Kumar, R. D., Khiljee, N. (2016). Leadership in healthcare.Anaesthesia Intensive Care Medicine,17(1), 63-65. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472029915002507 L, G., Morgan, R., Bestall, J., Featherstone, I., Veale, T., Ensor, T. (2016). Can service integration work for universal health coverage? Evidence from around the globe.Health Policy,120(4), 406-419. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168851016300252 Lewis, S., Passmore, J., Cantore, S. (2016).Appreciative inquiry for change management: Using AI to facilitate organizational development. Kogan Page Publishers. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=kdXvDAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR7dq=Appreciative+inquiry+for+change+management:+Using+AI+to+facilitate+organizational+developmentots=qJ8i03Mmijsig=hGvyAMDk_8QxbsLruzFKLOuCO9s#v=onepageq=Appreciative%20inquiry%20for%20change%20management%3A%20Using%20AI%20to%20facilitate%20organizational%20developmentf=false Sonnino, R. E. (2016). Healthcare Leadership Development and Training: Progress and Pitfalls.JMCN, 17. https://aamcn.org/jmcn/JMCN%20V4N2.pdf#page=17 West, M., Eckert, R., Steward, K., Pasmore, B. (2014). Developing collective leadership for health care.London: The Kings Fund. https://www.ctrtraining.co.uk/documents/DevelopingCollectiveLeadership-KingsFundMay2014.pdf

The Struggle free essay sample

My life was over. Or so I thought. I was suffocating in a small room on a paper covered bed that made a â€Å"crackling† sound every time my leg shifted nervously. I blacked out when the doctor came in with his sympathetic smile and packet that was supposed to make my living nightmare easier. I was told the curvature of my spine was now going to force me to wear a back brace†¦a cold chunk of plastic that would encase my abdomen and restrict every ounce of movement I had. â€Å"What do you think, Lexie?† I think I’m going to be sick. I am the warrior. I am not one to shed tears in public but when I contemplated how the other kids at school might treat me, I broke down. I sobbed the entire appointment. And the whole ride home. And the whole trip to the mall to get new clothes (I couldn’t fit into the same jeans anymore—the hardest news for any girl). We will write a custom essay sample on The Struggle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first few weeks I felt different, no longer comfortable in my own skin. I glimpsed at every student during class praying each sigh, snicker, or sneer wasn’t directed towards me. I cringed at the sound of the bell when I would have to face everyone in the hallway. There was always one kid that would strike me right in the stomach as he or she brushed past. I think they thought it was cool—someone’s stomach as hard as a rock—but I could still feel it. I wanted to bury my face under the brace like a turtle in its shell. I am the warrior. I survived. My friends didn’t care. The boys were nicer to me than they have ever been (they dove at the opportunity to carry my books or pick up a dropped pencil). Although it was difficult to eat, sleep, breathe and move, I endured those two years stronger than ever. The brace didn’t destroy my life†¦it formed who I was. I became the girl who didn’t care what others thought. The girl who never gave up. The warrior. This girl who never gave up, this warrior, was once told she wasn’t going to be able to succeed. â€Å"Now Lexie, not everyone can get good grades.† These words are the only memory I have of my third grade teacher. I glared back, traumatized. I didn’t know asking for help in social studies meant I was destined for failure. I could have proved her right. And got â€Å"average† grades. And glided through school. But where’s the fun in that? She was wrong. My questions were not an indication of failure. And â€Å"average† was not a word I could associate with. Hearing those words didn’t make me give up—it forced me to push myself forward. Since that day, I have maintained a 4.0 GPA. To say that achieving my goal was effortless would be a lie. With it came late nights, stacks of note cards, and sacrifices. But embracing struggles whether they may be physical or mental proves character. Determination is being able to take life as it is†¦a challenge. I am the warrior.

Pterodactylus Facts and Figures

Pterodactylus Facts and Figures Name: Pterodactylus (Greek for wing finger); pronounced TEH-roe-DACK-till-us; sometimes called pterodactyl Habitat: Shores of Europe and South Africa Historical Period: Late Jurassic (150-144 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of three feet and two to 10 pounds Diet: Insects, meat and fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Long beak and neck; short tail; wings of skin attached to three-fingered hands About Pterodactylus Pterodactylus is a case study in how confusing it can be to classify 150-million-year-old animals. The first specimen of this pterosaur was discovered way back in 1784, in Germanys Solnhofen fossil beds, decades before before naturalists had any conception of the theory of evolution (which wouldnt be scientifically formulated, by Charles Darwin, until about 70 years later) or, indeed, any grasp of the possibility that animals could go extinct. Fortunately, in retrospect, Pterodactylus was named by one of the first academics to grapple with these issues, the Frenchman Georges Cuvier. (See a gallery of Pterodactylus and Pteranodon pictures and 10 facts about pterodactyls.) Because it was discovered so early in the history of paleontology, Pterodactylus suffered the same fate as other before-their-time dinosaurs of the 19th century like Megalosaurus and Iguanodon: any fossil that remotely resembled the type specimen was assumed to belong to a separate Pterodactylus species or a genus that later wound up being synonymized with Pterodactylus, so at one point there were no less than two dozen named varieties! Paleontologists have since sorted out most of the confusion; the remaining two Pterodactylus species, P. antiquus and P. kochi, are pretty much beyond reproach, and other species have since been assigned to related genera like Germanodactylus, Aerodactylus, and Ctenochasma. Now that weve sorted all that out, exactly what kind of creature was Pterodactylus? This late Jurassic pterosaur was characterized by its relatively small size (a wingspan of only about three feet and a weight of ten pounds, max), its long, narrow beak, and its short tail, the classic body plan of a pterodactyloid, as opposed to a rhamphorhynchoid, pterosaur. (During the later Mesozoic Era, some pterodactyloid pterosaurs would grow to truly enormous sizes, as witness the small-plane-sized Quetzalcoatlus.)Â  Pterodactylus is often depicted as flying low over the coastlines of western Europe and northern Africa (much like a modern seagull) and plucking small fish out of the water, though it may also have subsisted on insects (or even the occasional small dinosaur) as well. On a related note, because it has been in the public eye for well over two centuries, Pterodactylus (in the abbreviated form pterodactyl) has become pretty much synonymous with flying reptile, and is often used to refer to the entirely different pterosaur Pteranodon. Also, for the record, Pterodactylus was only remotely related to the first prehistoric birds, which descended instead from the small, terrestrial, feathered dinosaurs of the later Mesozoic Era. (Confusingly, the type specimen of Pterodactylus was recovered from the same Solnhofen deposits as the contemporaneous Archaeopteryx; its important to bear in mind that the former was a pterosaur, while the latter was a theropod dinosaur, and thus occupied an entirely different branch of the evolutionary tree.)

Simple Candy Osmosis Experiment

Simple Candy Osmosis Experiment Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane. The water moves from an area of higher to lower solvent concentration (an area of lower to higher solute concentration). Its an important passive transport process in living organisms, with applications to chemistry and other sciences. You dont need fancy lab equipment to observe osmosis. You can experiment with the phenomenon using gummy bears and water. Heres what you do: Osmosis Experiment Materials Basically, all you need for this chemistry project are colored candies and water: Gummy bear candies (or other gummy candy)WaterPlate or shallow bowl The gelatin of the gummy candies acts as a semipermeable membrane. Water can enter the candy, but its much harder for sugar and coloring to leave exit it. What You Do Its easy! Simply place one or more of the candies in the dish and pour in some water. Over time, water will enter the candies, swelling them. Compare the size and squishiness of these candies with how they looked before. Notice the colors of the gummy bears starts to appear lighter. This is because the pigment molecules (solute molecules) are being diluted by the water (solvent molecules) as the process progresses. What do you think would happen if you used a different solvent, such as milk or honey, that already contains some solute molecules? Make a prediction, then try it and see. How do you think osmosis in a gelatin dessert compares with osmosis in candy? Again, make a prediction and then test it!

Personal Development Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Development Paper - Essay Example Before the eight stages of development, the prenatal stage is the first stage in personal development. In this case, B. Newman and P. Newman (2011) noted, that life development started after inception. Although my mother provided scanty details about my life when I was in her womb, the scanty information that she provided me with indicated that I used to kick her womb when my father was supporting her during the pregnancy. In addition, I could kick and turn every time that my father touched her bulging stomach. Perhaps an indication that I was happy with life. The infancy stage, which is the period after birth to two years, is â€Å"a period of strikingly rapid development† (B. Newman, & P. Newman, 2011). At this stage, I experienced physical growth and started showing coordinated partnered behavior. My mother told me that I was able to develop an attachment with her within the first month of birth. In this case, she told me that I was able to develop a sense of trust in her since she was always available every moment that I required her in my life. Hence, I developed the cognitive aspect that made me realize when she was available and when she was not available. In addition, my mother told me that I was able to grow physically and weighed more than twice my birth weight one year after I was born. B. Newman and P. Newman (2011) identified the second stage as the stage of toddlerhood, which is the period between 2 and 3 years. In line with this, my mother told me that I was playing around at this age and was always busy and enjoyed every moment of my life while exuding confidence by doing things on my own, which is an indicator that I was developing a sense of autonomy. I realize that I developed this sense of autonomy due to trust that I developed in my mother during the infancy stage. On the other hand, I was able to develop the cognitive aspect of speech, and I

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 11

Research Paper Example s time wasters, with some educational experts regarding computer games to corrupt the brains of the teenagers playing it, however some tend to understand that computer games have positive educational impacts and help in developing creative minds. People need to understand that computer games help people, both kids, adolescents and even the adults grow in different ways, the benefits of the computer range from health, to social. The benefits of playing video games fall into different categories, from benefits to children, adolescents and even to adults. Playing computer games has evolutionary benefits positively affecting the players regardless of their age. The main positive impact falling in all the categories is improvement in coordination and brain exercises, playing computer games requires Maximum Corporation; this improves the brain activities, as one has to intellectually think of the next move acting as a brain exercise. Some of the benefits include; Improvement in planning, l ogistics, and resource management- many computer games tend to have limited resources that the gamer has to learn to manage, these gamers transfer these skills to real life, they learn how to manage the resources they have effectively. In addition, some games such as the railway tycoons encourage players to undertake certain careers such as architecture and urban planning. Playing computer games improve spatial, the fine motor skills, and the hand-eye coordination-those games involving shooting, the player may be shooting and running at the same time. This is not an easy skill to memories; the skill requires coordination as the player need to know where he is heading and where to aim and shoot. Through this the players needs to coordinate his movements, reactions, and interpretations in the brain, recorded by the movements of the fingertips and the hands. Research shows that some of the fighter pilots gain skills from playing video games, especially the skills for quick reaction.

Northern Ireland Essay Example for Free

Northern Ireland Essay Within the results many important factors have arisen. Looking at the map produced using my national competition and local competition I can see that the stores are nearly evenly spread across Northern Ireland. This tells me that there is a large enough market for computer games in the Northern Ireland area as these stores can be sustained. On the other hand this tells me that there is already a lot of established national competition, and the business I am opening is not entering a gap in the market. A large number of the stores (4) are situated in Belfast, which can be easily accessed by Lurgan through the m1. So I would need to treat these Belfast stores as a serious threat, and I would need to keep the local market from buying there games there and also by enticing some of there customer to shop at our Lurgan store. This would mean that I would have to give the customers something that is not offered in the Belfast stores. The local competition consists of three stores in the Craigavon area which, although not in the immediate area, still pose the most serious threat to my business. The stores are already established, and this means that there is a market, although there may not be enough room for another games store. But the advantage I have is that none of these three stores are based in Lurgan town centre, so that would mean there is an untapped market that I can enter into. My covert observation of game shows me a successful business in the Belfast area. I taught me that a computer games store is one in which a lot of people browse and not buy the first time that they are in the store. This would tell me that we would need to tempt customer into buying what they may be interested in. This would require me to hire skilful staff who would have a keen interest in computers and would have a wide scope of knowledge about the games and equipment that would be available. I would hope to be a manager that has a lot say over each aspect of the business I would be able to adopt a McGregor theory Y approach. I would do this, as I would like to delegate to my workers to effectively use their skills to the highest level. It would also help in improving organisation and motivation, and also help in the costs that may be meet in hiring extra managers or staff. However, as I want a lot of control over my business I may have some characteristics of a theory X manager as I would be on the floor as much as I could, and also would try and make all the main decisions to be taken in the business. Analysis of my questionnaire results provides me with various important numeric results. The first important result that I came across was that every one of my respondents owned a computer. This was very significant, as my potential market would have to be persons who already owned a computer, and would be interested in my goods, and so if they did not already own a computer these goods would be useless to the consumers. Briefly this means that this question give me an estimate of how large my potential customers is. However these potential customer may not be interested in games and owning a computer may not mean that they could be persuaded to attend my store. Knowing now if the person owned a computer or not I then needed to find out what type of computer they may own. I found that the majority of respondents owned a PC or a Playstation. This was significant in that the second most popular was the Playstation which is a pure gaming machine, and this would suggest that there is a large number of persons living in the Lurgan area who enjoy computer games and may be interested in my store. Knowing who owns a computer games console I was then interested in knowing how frequently the respondents would buy computer games, to know how often customers would use my store. Over half of the respondents would buy their games over six months apart. This is a negative result as it tell me that there may be spells when the business may not have much custom and periods when it does, making balancing the books an up hill task. I was interested in knowing where my respondents would buy their games to know where most of my competition comes from (locally or nationally), and whether the Lurgan market would attract any of their custom. The results showed me that the majority of the respondents would not buy their games from the Lurgan area and so my national competition would pose a bigger threat than first expected. Lastly I was curious to whether the respondents would use a specialist store if it were available. The majority said that they would mean that a lot of the respondents who do not buy their games in Lurgan might if they had a better quality of service. My second questionnaire done to gain further information showed me a very significant result. Most of the first questionnaire respondents did not purchase games in the Lurgan area, and so I needed to look at where they would then purchase. I found that 3 respondents purchase games in Belfast, 1 in Lisburn and 3 in Portadown. But what was most significant is that the store in Belfast and Lisburn (part of the national market) were specialist store such as the one that I was planning. This could suggest that these specialist stores attract my local market away because of something that only a specialist store offers. When looking at the property values in the Lurgan area I came across various properties, which could be potentially busy locations, where I could attract a wide and large scope of my potential customers. I needed a retail property large enough to accommodate all of my products and their layout, including enough space that would be needed to present each part in a manner that is organised and invite the customer to look at our products. I also needed a property that was not going to push up my fixed costs so high that I could not possibly meet them, and would have problems in the long term in making a profit or be able to break-even. The first property that I had looked at was the most promising of all the properties in the Lurgan area. It was located at 35 William Street Lurgan. At 75000, this was the cheapest property that was currently available in the Lurgan area, and cost is an important factor, as I would wish to keep my possible costs to a minimum. I could attain a mortgage on the property meaning that I would not have to pay out such a large sum on start and not run into financial difficulties from the start. Also banks are always interested in investing in franchises as they are seen as less risky than most other business start-ups. The property is also a size that is feasible enough to hold everything that I require and also leave enough floor space for me to work with. I could use the top floors for offices for myself or to rent out to other firms. However these floors need some additional work done. The property is also located just 100-200 yards from the town centre and is adjacent from a car park meaning that this is a very accessible property. I found very few properties in the Lurgan area, with Century 21 stating most retail properties are sold before a brochure can be made. The other properties that I had found in the Lurgan area where either too small, expensive, or located too far from the town centre.

Study sources E and F and the site at Quarry bank mill. :: essays research papers

I am studying how useful sources E and F are in arriving at an accurate explanation of how apprentices were treated at Quarry Bank Mill in the early 1840s. Source E was written by Robert Hyde Greg in 1843, 7 years after the incident happened. Robert H. Greg was the son of Samuel Greg, he was the original owner of Quarry Bank Mill. By 1836, which was when the Esther Price ran away, Robert H. Greg had inherited the mill. Source F was written in 1838, by a man called John Doherty. He was a campaigner for reducing children?s hours of employment in cotton mills. Doherty had also been in prison for organising pickets. The magistrate was a close friend of Samuel Greg, because of this John Doherty campaigned many times to close down and taint the reputation of Quarry Bank Mill. Both sources E and F are accounts of Esther Price?s escape from Quarry Bank Mill to Liverpool at end of August 1836 with her friend Lucy Garner. Esther Price had asked to go to Liverpool during Wakes week, a holiday week when the factory was shut, but she was refused. She had two reasons for running away, she had heard that her father was ill and wanted to visit him. The other reason was to collect her birth certificate to prove that she was actually older than her indenture said so that she could get a paid job earlier as apprentices were not paid. An indenture was the contract that an apprentice signed to say that the child would work for Mr. Greg for a set amount of years, normally seven, and that if they broke any of the rules of that contract the boss had permission to punish them. In source E it says that Esther price and her friend Lucy Garner ran away from the apprentice house on Saturday night. Lucy came back 5 days later on Thursday and Esther came back 5 days after that on Tuesday. When the girls came back, they were each put into solitary confinement. Lucy Garner did not have her windows boarded up. However Esther Prices did, Robert H. Greg said it was also ?partly to prevent her escape.? It says in source E Robert H. Greg wanted to punish them by cutting off the girls? hair, but his sister sally Greg and Mrs Shawcross, the former superintendent argued against this.

Impulsive Behavior Essay

April 16, 2007, Seung-Hui Cho went on a shooting rampage killing thirty-two college students at Virginia Tech. University before killing himself. This horrifying massacre can be associated with a poor impulsive behavior. Many devastating incidents throughout the years can be associated with poor impulsive decisions. Throughout the years Impulsive behaviors have often been viewed differently. For example, older American Writers seemed to view impulsive behaviors as negative traits, while earlier American Writers found them to be more acceptable. Three American Writers specifically stood out amongst others: Benjamin Franklin, Frederick Douglass, and Theodore Roethke. Our current generation mainly views impulsive behavior as a negative characteristic or inclination. Nowadays, impulsive behaviors are often correlated with diseases or psychological problems. Benjamin Franklin (1731-1813) was one of the oldest authors we read in class. I learned much about Franklin from his autobiography. Franklin was dedicated, disciplined, and focused, which left no room for impulses. Impulses often involved spontaneity and the unknown, which would not follow Franklin’s type of life style. He set aside an hour each day for reading and never missed a chance to find new books. Although he was very disciplined, he felt like it was not enough. That is why he dedicated 13 specific virtues to follow: temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness, tranquility, chastity, and finally humility. He even set up a calendar to mark the virtues he had accomplished each day. On the top of his weekly virtue chart, he followed a saying, â€Å"Eat not to dullness. Drink not to elevation† (Franklin, 286). Not only did he have a calendar made up for virtues, but also he had a day-by-day schedule set up that accounted for each hour of the day. He would dedicate a certain amount of time for hygiene, work, reading, dinner and rest. In Benjamin Franklin’s life there was no room for profligacy. Someone that plans out every hour of everyday obviously does not leave any room for impulses, and that was exactly how Franklin liked to live his life. He did not like surprises and enjoyed knowing every detail of each day. To Franklin, family and love did not matter; the only thing that mattered was success. Often when it comes to love and intimacy, impulses are right around the corner, which is one of the reasons why Franklin was not very emotional. He eventually got married, but he was more thankful for the help his wife provided in the printing press than the emotional feelings he had for her. Franklin was not the only author we read in class that felt this way about impulsive behavior. Like Franklin, Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was another older author who believed that impulsive behavior was a negative attribute. He was a self-educated slave and knew the only way that he would become free one day was to become erudite. He learned how to read and write by tracing the letters on the prows of boats. After reading his autobiography, it was easy to tell why someone like Douglass would hate impulses. He knew that if he ever acted upon impulses it was very likely he would have been beaten or even worse, killed. He also hated impulses because he knew when his masters beat him that they were acting out on impulses as well. For these reasons, Douglass could never agree with impulses or support anyone who acted upon them. Although Douglass and Franklin did not agree with impulses, there were many other authors we read in class who strongly supported them. Unlike his predecessors Franklin and Douglas, Theodore Roethke (1908-1963) felt that impulsive behavior should be embraced and enjoyed. He was a poet whose poems symbolized fate and destiny, which is normally defined by impulsive decisions. After reading many of his poems, I could tell that he did not make plans, and he just acted upon his feelings and emotions. I got the feeling that he would follow his instincts no matter where they would lead him, â€Å"God bless the Ground! I shall walk softly there, And learn by going where I have to go† (Roethke 1146). Obviously, someone that just follows his instincts is not very disciplined and does not plan out his life. He believed impulses were the only way to live one’s life. In his poems you could derive a sense of spontaneity and originality. He explains how he followed his fate and thinks by feelings, â€Å"I feel my fate in what I cannot fear. I learn by going where I have to go. We think by feeling. What is there to know? † (Roethke 1145). Roethke wrote many of his poems about love, and as it suggests love is usually a spontaneous and intimate feeling. It seemed that as time progressed, the view on impulsive behavior changed in American Writers from conservative to more acceptable. I wanted to see if the same shift took place in our culture as well so I decided to do my own research using the Michigan State University library system. It was difficult to find articles that supported both sides of the argument, but I eventually found two books that had conducted many studies and trials. I also found two journal articles that helped support my thesis as well. Generally, my research showed that impulsivity is regarded negatively. In Impulsivity and Aggression, they explain how impulsivity is a phenomenon that is present in all species and â€Å"manifests as effects, emotions, and observable behaviors† (E. Hollander and Dan J. Stein 28). Basically, this means that not only humans are susceptible to impulsive behavior, but also animals and other species. However, the focus of the research is on the effects of impulses on human decisions. The majority of the studies conducted in these different articles all seemed to come to one conclusion: impulsive behavior only leads to negative side effects. Every example of impulsive behavior in this book represented some sort of violence or disorder. â€Å"Impulsivity and aggression contribute to major public health problems such as crime, violence, homicide, suicide, substance abuse, and sexual dyscontrol† (E. Hollander and Dan J. Stein 1). Basic emotions such as fear and anger are often defined as impulsive emotions, which are difficult to resist and may be harmful to themselves or others. Oldham, Hollander, and Skodol reinforce this view, â€Å"Traditionally, psychopathological states characterized by impulse behavior, such as substance abuse, rage, outbursts, violence, suicidal or self-destructive acts, binge eating, sexual promiscuity, or social irresponsibility, have been conceptualized as disorders of deficient impulse control† (J. Oldham & E. Hollander & A. Skodol ix). Not a single example in my sources supports a positive side to impulsive behavior. They constantly relate disorders such as kleptomania, pathological gambling, and pyromania to impulses. These studies used scales that measured impulsive behavior by using both personality dimensions and clinical syndromes. These scales are tools used for measuring the outcome of interventions. The effects of impulsive behavior are causing a need for concern, and therefore action must be taken to help prevent these individuals from hurting themselves or others. It is apparent that our current generation’s outlook on impulsive behavior is all-negative. This negative outlook has caused different treatment strategies throughout the years. The majority of these treatments involved medical psychiatric medications for borderline personality disorders (BPD) (E. Hollander and Dan J. Stein 263). The purpose is to control the aggression, hostility, impulsivity, and liability of mood associated illnesses. There are many medications currently being used, but the most popular consist of Neuroleptics, Anticonvulsants, Anti depressants, and Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRIs). These treatments have greatly reduced the negative impulsive behaviors for specific patients. Neuroleptics have been the group of medications most studied in controlled trials investigating Pharmacological treatment of BPD (E. Hollander and Dan J. Stein 264). These agents are used based on â€Å"their theoretical ability to dampen aggressive outbursts and decrease psychotic thinking. † (E. Hollander and Dan J. Stein 264). Trials were conducted to test these neuroleptics against placebo control agents, which resulted in an improvement in anxiety, rejection sensitivity, and suicidal thoughts. Another treatment that helps decrease anxiety, irritability, and anger are Anticonvulsants. A trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of Anticonvulsants and eleven out of fifteen patients opted to remain on this medication after the study’s conclusion (E. Hollander and Dan J. Stein 266). Even when a small behavioral dyscontrol did occur, it was far less severe than while on the placebo. Antidepressants are also a very popular form of medication, but might not be the best for every individual. Studies conducted show that fifty percent of individuals felt improvements in irritability, energy, and depression were modest or unremarkable (E. Hollander and Dan J. Stein 266). â€Å"The enefits of specific antidepressants are limited, and there is little data to suggest a diminution of impulsivity in any of these studies. † (E. Hollander and Dan J. Stein 267). SRIs have been proven to help with depression, panic, obsessionality, suicidality, self-injury, somatization, eating disorders, and anxiety (E. Hollander and Dan J. Stein 268). The most widely used SRI is Fluoxetine, which has been the best studied of the SRIs for treatment of impulsive and aggressive symptoms. If Seung-Hui Cho had not acted upon impulses, than maybe those thirty-two students would still be with us today. Although earlier American Writers found impulsive behaviors more acceptable, it is apparent that impulsive behaviors lead to a state of chaos and pandemonium. As time progressed, the view on impulsive behavior changed from negative to more acceptable until a certain point was reached. After a certain point, impulsive behaviors took over and caused a state of chaos and pandemonium. The chaos these impulsive behaviors inhibited can be demonstrated as school shootings, terrorist attacks, or mental instabilities. It is important to control certain impulses because otherwise they can lead to severe consequences or even worse, death.

Navy seals

After striving to indicate a person who has had a significant influence on me I have come to a conclusion, that rather than a individual person I have a particular group. This particular group is unlike any other in the I the world. This group consists of elite men who put their homeland before themselves, they are capable of putting the needs of others before their own. These men were willing to do everything and anything to become part of the elite group known around the world as the Navvy Seals.Navvy seals are groups of elite soldiers, known around the world for their abilities in he air on the land and in the sea. These soldiers lead the world in their special oops. They are unlike another soldiers in the world, willing to risk their lives for anyone in need around the world. Ready to assist and cry for help. I see the Navvy Seals the way most people my age see pro sports players. Like pro sports players the SEALS are the best of the best. Their training and tactical work is so v igorous that their number one philosophy is â€Å"the easy day was yesterday†. Which is one of many in the Navvy.To be given the opportunity to serve my country a a Navvy Seal would mean the world to me. I would spend every breathing moment being the best I can be for my country family and myself. All my life I have wanted to be affiliated in the military. Four to five years ago I had very low self confidence in myself and others and not very great aspirations. My plan was to enroll in the marines after high school and attain my college education from the military. My primary aspiration for my life was to exceed the achievements of my mother, who didn't graduate high school.I wanted to be able to say if I could do it why couldn't you? My mind and heart were consumed by the dreadful thought of my rothers and how they would never have the opportunities that I have been blessed with. It wasn't until I had opened up to my uncle Derek who is a marine that I had a change of heart a bout virtually everything past and present. My uncle was in absolute disagreement with my plan. He explained the importance of college to my and the pride that comes with the privilege of becoming a marine that will extinguish my desire to exceed the accomplishments of my moms.Together we looked through the different military academies and I found Annapolis the most interesting because their classes in economics. I have a strange liking towards economics, like the stock market and the economy. Those thing Just really seem to interest me to I hope to major in economics and international trade while attending Annapolis. My interest in international trade comes from my desire to travel, which is another one of the many reasons I aspire to be a Navvy Seal. Ever since I was little I've wanted to see the world, and what it has to offer.There is absolutely no better way at accomplishing that dream other than attending Annapolis become a Navvy Seal, and sounds to go to be true, but I know i n my heart that in order to accomplish that goal I ave to be mentally and physically tough enough to get there. Speaking about becoming physically and mentally tough I have already begun those first small steps. It started off with small attitude adjustments such as my love for athletics, instead of dreading the next workout I changed the dreading into excitement that put me in the mindset to get better rather than Just get through the workout.Eventually I got to a point where my moms actions didn't influence my mind as much. In fact I changed my entire perspective on my mom, although, she isn't perfect she chose her path and being angry about that isn't helping me or her in nyway. So instead of being angry I chose put all the extra time I spent being angry and wishing things could be different to actually make a difference in my life not Just for me but for her my brothers and anyone else that thinks they can't do it.I feel like a much better person, free from the invisible chains that ranted excuse after excuse of why I couldn't or didn't get the Job done. I find happiness and hope to be the greatest things in life and I know whole heartedly that the SEALS brought those thing to me. Nothing makes me happier than getting a good grade on an ssignment and knowing I've gotten Just a tad bit closer to my dream. I can sometimes get lost in my thoughts of the the future, to the point where I feel as if I'm reading a good book with precise imagery.Imagining myself 10 years from now along side the best special pops team in the world, seeing the world and serving my country. Another exciting thing about the SEALS is their brotherhood. The fact that they would risk their lives for one another is breath taking. They would rather all sacrifice their lives saving one of their own than leaving them behind. Their goal number one oal in operations it to complete the given task unnoticed, quietly, quickly, and most importantly together.Like family these men will do anything f or each other and will go to the ends of the earth to protect their own. The final thing I will mention is the SEALS ability to be wherever they are needed whenever they are needed. No matter the circumstance they are always willing to put their lives on the line for whomever is in need. Which is also like something I've always done. I may not meet the needs or standards of everyone but I will always go out of my way to help someone in need.Not only because I know it is the right thing to do but because I remember when I didn't have much and someone would go out of their way to help me. I will never forget those people which makes it necessary for me to do the same for others. All that being said I don't believe that I am perfect by a long shot, there are thousands, heck millions that have it ten times worse than me and have beat the odds. But one thing is for sure once given the chance I will do everything I'm my power to be the best I can be for myself and my country,

Mini-Ethnography Essays

Mini-Ethnography Essays Mini-Ethnography Paper Mini-Ethnography Paper Also, I came to notice that the majority of the students were sitting right in front of the teachers desk in a ex. cube of students. 0:02 class started and the teacher put notes on the board and began her lecture. Out of 29 kids, only two had laptops. One of them were taking pictures of the notes while the other was typing them. Additionally, two more kids were on their cellophane not paying attention at all. Those students were setting in the back row with their hoods up and all relaxed. The majority of the students were taking notes but when the teacher started hinting about some questions that might be on the next test; everyone started writing what the teacher was saying. The teacher would ask specific questions to the lass and I found out that the majority of the students that answered back were sitting directly in her point of view or the front row. Some students I saw were highlighting important things while taking their notes. Something that shocked me was that there was a students cellophane that went off in class and the teacher did not get mad; however, the student was a middle age female adult so maybe that was why the teacher did not react. I started watching the middle aged student and saw how she would never break eye contact with the teacher and also she would nod occasionally to let her know that she understands the topic. It took me a long time to notice that everyone that was taking notes had their cellophane setting right on their desk as well. I came to a conclusion that having your phone out on the desk was like telling the teacher anemia I will listen and take notes to learn; however, if I get a text message I am going to drop what I am doing and text my friend back instead of taking notes. Class ended at 10:32 because the teacher got done with her lecture and everyone started packing up while she was stilling talking. Mini-Ethnography By _claimable_

10 Zinc Facts (Atomic Number 30 or Zn)

10 Zinc Facts (Atomic Number 30 or Zn) Zinc is a blue-gray metallic element, sometimes called spelter. You come in contact with this metal every day, and not only that, your body needs it to survive. Fast Facts: Zinc Element Name: ZincElement Symbol: ZnAtomic Number: 30Appearance: Silver-gray metalGroup: Group 12 (transition metal)Period: Period 4Discovery: Indian metallurgists before 1000 BCEFun Fact: Zinc salts burn blue-green in a flame. Heres a collection of 10 interesting facts about the element zinc: Zinc has the element symbol Zn and atomic number 30, making it a transition metal and the first element in Group 12 of the periodic table. Sometimes zinc is considered to be a post-transition metal.The element name is believed to come from the  German word zinke, which means pointed. This is likely a reference to the pointed zinc crystals that form after zinc is smelted.  Paracelsus, a Swiss-born, German Renaissance physician, alchemist, and astrologer, is credited with giving zinc its name. Andreas Marggraf is credited with isolating the element zinc in 1746, by heating  calamine ore and carbon together in a closed vessel, however, English metallurgist  William Champion had actually patented his process for isolating zinc several years earlier. While Champion may have been the first to isolate zinc, zinc smelting had been in practice in India since the 9th century BC. According to the International Zinc Association (ITA), zinc was recognized as a unique substance in India by 1374 and is believed to have been discovered by Indian metallurgists before 1000 BCE. Although zinc was used by the ancient Greeks and Romans, it was not as common as iron or copper, probably because the element boils away prior to reaching the temperature required to extract it from ore. However, artifacts do exist proving its early use, including a sheet of Athenian zinc, dating back to 300 B.C. Because zinc is often found with copper, the metals use was more common as an alloy rather than as a pure element.Zinc is an essential mineral for human health. It is the second-most abundant metal in the body, after iron. The mineral is important for immune function, white blood cell formation, egg fertilization, cell division, and a host of other enzymatic reactions. Zinc deficiency may also be a causal factor in age-related vision deterioration. Foods rich in zinc include lean meat and seafood. Oysters are particularly rich in zinc.While its important to get enough zinc, too much can cause problems. Too much zinc can suppress the absorption of iron and copper. Ingesting c oins containing zinc has been known to cause death, as the metal reacts with gastric juice, corroding the gastrointestinal tract and producing zinc intoxication. One noteworthy side effect of excessive zinc exposure is a permanent loss of smell and/or taste. The FDA has issued warnings regarding zinc nasal sprays and swabs. Problems from excessive ingestion of zinc lozenges or from industrial exposure to zinc have also been reported. Zinc has many uses. It is the fourth-most common metal for industry, after iron, aluminum, and copper. Of the 12 million tons of the metal produced annually, about half goes to galvanization. Brass and bronze production account for another 17% of zincs usage. Zinc, its oxide, and other compounds are found in batteries, sunscreen, paints, and other products.Although galvanization is used to protect metals against corrosion, zinc actually does tarnish in air. The product is a layer of zinc carbonate, which inhibits further degradation, thus protecting the metal beneath it.Zinc forms several important alloys. Foremost among these is brass, an alloy of copper and zinc.Almost all mined zinc (95%) comes from zinc sulfide ore. Zinc is easily recycled and about 30% of the zinc produced annually is recycled metal.Zinc is the 24th-most abundant element in the Earths crust. Sources Bennett, Daniel R. M. D.; Baird, Curtis J. M.D.; Chan, Kwok-Ming; Crookes, Peter F.; Bremner, Cedric G.; Gottlieb, Michael M.; Naritoku, Wesley Y. M.D. (1997). Zinc Toxicity Following Massive Coin Ingestion. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 18 (2): 148–153. doi:10.1097/00000433-199706000-00008Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999). Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (6th ed.). New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-19957-5.Emsley, John (2001). Zinc. Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 499–505. ISBN 0-19-850340-7.Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.Heiserman, David L. (1992). Element 30: Zinc. Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds. New York: TAB Books. ISBN 0-8306-3018-X.

ASSIGNMENT1-THE PROCESS &PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION Essay

ASSIGNMENT1-THE PROCESS &PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION - Essay Example rvice provider regarding the issue and express his dissatisfaction without incurring additional costs of conveyance and wastage of time that he would otherwise occur if he were to opt for a face-to-face conversation as well. Ideally, an assertive style of communication should be adopted. However, the customer can use a passive-aggressive communication style as well to express his dissatisfaction in relatively more commanding manner so that the service provider takes a more a serious note of the issue and resolve it as soon as possible. iii. It is best to sympathize with the friend in a face-to-face conversation because it would also require physical contact to express love and affection during the condolence. This communication medium should be complimented with an assertive style to communicate clearly and show interest in strengthening the relationship. However, the personality of the friend who suffered the loss should also be considered. Sometimes, a person would prefer to be left alone after a tragedy such as this. In this case, a telephonic conversation could also suffice. iv. Congratulating someone should be done, preferably, through a face-to-face conversation or telephone if meeting in person is not feasible. Voice and visuals are important for effective communication especially when it involves emotions. This, coupled with an informal, assertive style of communication should be adopted v. Advertising for a job vacancy must be done in the most cost effective manner. Paper medium or electronic medium should be used as these medium would offer the company the more coverage across the biggest audience as compared to, for example, telephone messages. It would be very important to adopt an assertive style of communication following a more formal structure so as to give the applicants a feel of professionalism while offering them a healthy, relationship building, environment vi. It depends a lot on the type of product that is being advertised. For example,

The Development of Christology and Its Relevance for Contemporary Essay

The Development of Christology and Its Relevance for Contemporary Christianity - Essay Example It is through this interrogation that Christological doctrine developed. This paper examines the development of Christology up to Chalcedon and its importance to the modern Christianity. Christology is a branch of Christian theology concerned with the study of Jesus Christ (Meier 2001, 51). The discipline examines the nature, identity and personality of Jesus Christ in relation to the Christianity faith. Christianity has been in existence for about 2000 years. According to Stephen (2008, 70), the belief that Jesus Christ is man, God, and the Son of God are the foundations of the faith. The Holy Bible asserts that Jesus Christ is the savior whom all Christians should worship. However, the emergence of different and unconventional Christian doctrines in the recent past about Jesus Christ has presented a significant challenge to the mainstream Christian teachings. The earliest interrogation of the personality and identity of Jesus Christ dates back to AD 90-140 (O’ Collins 1995, 107). During this time, Christian spiritual leaders indentified and emphasized on both the divinity and humanity of Jesus. Some of the earliest teachings by established apostolic fathers at the time such as Clement and Ignatius addressed and considered the dual nature of Christ as both divine and human at the same time (Philip, 1893: 52). According to Philip (1893: 59), Ignatius approved the dual nature of Jesus by referring Him as â€Å"Jesus Christ our Lord†. Similarly, Philip (1893, 83) notes that Clement challenged early Christians to consider â€Å"Christ as both God and the adjudicator of both the dead and the living.† The emphasis of both the deity and humanity of Christ in early church are demonstrated by Melito of Sardis (AD 165-175). According to Berkhof (1969, 19), Melito categorically stated Christ was both man and God. He argued that Jesus’ burial after crucifixion demonstrates He is man while his resurrection three days later showed He is God. Howe ver, other apostolic teachers such as Justin Martyr, though acknowledging Jesus as both man and God believed that Christ was lesser than the highest God (Bauckham 1991, 86). Although early teachings acknowledged both the humanity and divinity of Christ, the interrogation was largely superficial and lacked clarity and adequate conviction from early theological critics. Docetism and adoptionism are some of the earliest theological ideologies that questioned both the humanity and divinity nature of Jesus Christ. Adoptionism rejected the divinity of Christ and some theological critics argued that He was not born by a virgin woman (Dunn 2003, 63). According to Ferguson and Wright (1988, 58), adoptionism acknowledged that Jesus was man, who was adopted by God to fulfill a particular or specific role. Hence, the ideology attested that Jesus became the savior only by his strict adherence of God’s commands and his good deeds toward humanity. In the process, Jesus became aware of his d ivine character that was confirmed when he received the Holy Spirit at his baptism (Davidson 2001) Docetism on the other hand affirmed that Jesus was not human at all but divine (Bray 1983, 44). According to Bray (1983, 49), Docetists argued that Jesus did not have physical body, but he just appeared to have flesh and blood. Some of the proponents of Docetism in the 2nd century included Gnosticism but Ignatius, an early apostolic leader vehemently denied that Jesus Christ was not human as proclaimed by

Globalization and Employment Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Globalization and Employment Relations - Essay Example A peek into their social and political structure from the beginning of the twentieth century to today's fast paced world and also a study of the hypothesis of convergence will help us in making definite conclusions about the subject. Katz evaluates three hypotheses that have been suggested to explain the trend towards decentralized bargaining: first, shifts in bargaining power from unions to employers; second, the emergence of new forms of work organization, which put a premium on flexibility and employee participation; and third, the decentralization of corporate structures and diversification of worker preferences. Katz concludes that the second hypothesis is the most convincing, on the grounds that labour and management appear to have gained distinct advantages from work restructuring that accomplished decentralization. However, shifts in bargaining power, as well as the diversification of corporate and worker interests, are important contributing factors to the decentralization process. Sweden became an industrial society later when compared to most other countries in Europe. At the start of the 20th century, Sweden was a poor agrarian society with high emigration rate. It is now a relatively wealthy, welfare-oriented, service society. Sweden has 25% of its civilian workforce employed in industry, only 2.4% are still in agriculture, while 73% are in services, partly as a result of the strong growth of local and regional government since the 1960s. Swedish employment relations have long fascinated foreign observers. With a total population of 9 million and with 4.4 million in labour force, Sweden is the smallest of the countries in Europe. However, 76% of its women are in the labour force which is the highest female participation rate of any OECD country. Employment relations in Sweden have passed through three broad stages since the nineteenth century. The beginning of the union movement was the first stage, which lasted from the 1890s to 1930s.Unions were established during this period and there were disputes between the capitalists and the laborers. The government was either passive or supported the capitalists. The second stage was approximately from mid-1930s to the early 1970s. The 'Swedish model' was established during this period, with a low level of industrial conflict, a 'solidaristic' wage policy, an active labour market policy and labour-management cooperation. An economic policy reliant on economic growth subsumed many of the pay-related problems for the unions and paved way for a pattern of employment relations with few industrial disputes. Emergence of a third stage can be traced to the 1970s. More radical union ambitions, the election of a non-socialist government in 1976 severe economic problems, and a strategy based on free enterprise and a market economy, on the employer side, represented significant changes. The 1980 dispute symbolized these developments. Wage earner funds were introduced after a bitter conflict, but were not seen as a complete victory by the unions. The wage earner fund system became a political burden for the Social Democratic Party and did not result in a basic change in Sweden's economic system. The employers tried to reverse the trend as much as

Live Like YouRe Dying Essay Example for Free

Live Like YouRe Dying Essay Clean, Cull, and Connect. In his short essay â€Å"Live like you’re dying,† Chuck Palahniuk refers them as the â€Å"Three C’s. † After confirming that suicide is the only escape route, they are the three final chores you must finish on your last â€Å"lively† week. Clean everything. Your bathroom, car, refrigerator, everything. Cull down your resources, donate and destroy needless possessions, and get a good haircut. Connect to everyone you’ve ever known and say something nice, no matter how bad you hate them. Don’t feel humiliated, you’ve got nothing to lose except a few days of your life. Also, know that no one will remember you, know that the world will not change after you die. Know that you will not be missed. And after all of this, Palahniuk says you probably won’t bother to kill yourself, since by then you’ll be surrounded by friends who recognize you as a decent and valuable friend. But there is more to the essay than explaining what the three C’s are. Both the title and content clearly spotlights death as a major concept of the essay, as most of Palahniuk’s writings are. Actually, Palahniuk touches on death so often that it seems he cannot go through a single essay without discussing about it. Also, from start to beginning, his sentences are written in such a clean-cut way that the reader almost feels suicidal. â€Å"Do everything. † â€Å"Destroy it. † â€Å"Treat yourself. † â€Å"Your oven will be clean, your car vacuumed. † Even in the merriest mind, one cannot help but be persuaded that the world will crumble when the essay ends. Why does Palahniuk do so? It seems odd – and arduous – for any writer to be so â€Å"deathly† when he writes. Palahniuk was beleaguered by death all his life. In his mind, his happy family had already died when his parents divorced, leaving him and his three siblings to live with their grandparents. Later on, Palahniuk volunteered at a hospice as an escort, where he had to witness the death of a patient he had grown attached to (which lead him to stop volunteer working). And around 1999, Palahniuk’s father – Fred Palahniuk – was shot and dragged into a house which was put on fire. Palahniuk later on helped the decision of the killer’s death sentence, the ex-boyfriend of Fred Palahniuk’s girlfriend. Although death is a frequently visited topic for Palahniuk, he probably doesn’t always write in such a â€Å"deathly† manner on purpose. But it is also not surprising that Palahniuk ends up writing about death every time. Palahniuk’s word choice during the essay is also different from the ordinary writer. Not only that most of them are short, but all of them are so-called â€Å"easy† words (perhaps â€Å"procrastinate† at the last paragraph is an exception). Of course, it comes from Palahniuk’s minimalistic writing philosophy, but anyone with internet connection to Wikipedia can figure that out. The question is, where does his writing philosophy come from? Palahniuk claims himself to be a romantic who expresses ideas that others do not believe in. It is only natural that he holds different ideas from the ordinary man, regarding the unordinary world he grew up in. Therefore, readers of Palahniuk need to think twice about what he wrote to understand it. But complex words tend to have an accurate meaning to it, which doesn’t leave any space to think again about what he was actually trying to say. This leaves Palahniuk no choice but to use more flexible, simpler and original words. Although it doesn’t show in the essay â€Å"Live like you’re dying,† an exception is when it comes to mechanics. For example, in his novel â€Å"Fight Club,† most of the processes in making plastic bombs or soap is described in an accurate manner. This is probably because Palahniuk used to work for Freightliner as a mechanic, but his tendency to describe mechanical processes accurately has less to do with his flow of words than we have interest to. As it has been clearly shown, â€Å"Live like you’re dying† has a deep relation to Palahniuk’s background, almost as if the essay is a shadow of Palahniuk. Everything that Palahniuk has been through, and is going through, is spilled out and spread, conscious or unconscious, on the computer screen when he writes. He can’t help it. And it would be nonsense to say that this only counts for Chuck Palahniuk – every essay is a shadow of the author in some way or the other, a footprint of what he has been through. There’s a sort of syllogism going on here: what you’ve one is what you are, what you are is what you write, so what you’ve done is what you write. If you disagreed, you’d be challenging Socrates.

Analyzing User Requirements by the Unified Process and Total Quality Management :: essays research papers

Analyzing User Requirements by the Unified Process and Total Quality Management Summary A successful project demands a correct and thorough requirements analysis. This paper proposes a refined requirements workflow, TQM/UP, to analyze requirements systematically. This workflow integrates five management and statistical analysis tools of Total Quality Management (TQM)—Affinity diagram, Tree diagram, Brainstorming, Pareto analysis and Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC)—into the Unified Process (UP) and helps the team to analyze requirements in a more efficient way. The guidelines I provide are based on my own experiences in an IT company, Interlancer, Limited which is briefly introduced at the latter part of this paper. Educator & practitioner summary I would like to thank all of the people at UL for their support and input during this project. I give special thanks to my project advisor, Mr. John Noonan, for his support and guidance. I would also like to thank my girlfriend, for her enduring support over the past several weeks. Contents Summary 1 Educator & practitioner summary 2 1 Introduction 5 2 What are Requirements? 5 3 Capturing Requirements by UP 6 3.1 What is UP? 7 3.1.1 UP is Use-Case Driven 7 3.1.2 UP is Architecture-Centric 8 3.1.3 UP is Iterative and Incremental 8 3.2 The Life of UP 8 3.3 The Role of Requirements in the Software Life Cycle 10 3.4 Requirements Workflow in UP 10 4 A Refined Requirements Workflow: TQM/UP 13 4.1 Introduction of TQM Tools 13 4.1.1 Affinity diagram 13 4.1.2 Tree diagram 13 4.1.3 Brainstorming 13 4.1.4 Pareto analysis 14 4.1.5 Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC) 14 4.2 TQM/UP 14 4.2.1 How to Analyze the Problem? 14 4.2.2 How to Understand Stakeholder Needs? 17 4.2.3 How to Define the System? 18 4.2.4 How to Manage the Scope of the System? 19 4.2.5 How to Refine the System Definition? 20 5 A real world case: Interlancer, Limited 21 5.1 A brief introduction of Interlancer 21 5.2 TQM/UP in Interlancer 22 5.2.1 Analyze the Problem 22 5.2.2 Understand Stakeholder Needs 24 5.2.3 Define the System 27 5.2.4 Manage the Scope of the System 27 5.2.5 Refine the System Definition 28 6 Conclusion 30 Appendix: Glossary of Terms 31 List of illustrations 32 List of tables 32 References 33 1 Introduction Requirements analysis of a software system is one of the most crucial steps in the software development process. Frederick P. Brooks, Jr. has pointed out that no other part of the work so cripples the resulting system if done wrong and no other part is more difficult to rectify later than requirements analysis. The potential impact of errors in requirements is substantial: †¢ The resulting software may not satisfy users’ real needs.

Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler Essay

Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler is a story of great tragedy, with a web of controversies and a tangle of secrets. In such a beautiful irony, it portrayed that the small town wherein the heroine resides with her husband, is inflicted with gruesome gossip and twisted tales of conflicted interests. Hedda Gabler, a born aristocrat who marries to a class beneath her, has to do with a lifestyle far inferior than what she is used to. The writer used a conversational tone to portray Hedda’s manipulative nature as she controls those that surrounds her. The story revolves around this young wife, as she plays with people’s feelings and affairs, and meddle with things so much so that they work out to her advantage. In this tragedy, it pays to ask the question: what provoked Hedda to marry Tesman? II – Marriage of Different Lifestyles I am interested with Ibsen’s idea of Hedda Gabler being an aristocrat who had to get used to a different lifestyle. There were many analysis offered for the play Hedda Gabler, yet only a handful of them displayed this very obvious fact. The fact that Hedda is manipulative and is using her husband, Jà ¼rgen Tesman, is evident from the first scene of the play, when Tesman commented how fat Hedda is getting, when in fact his wife is pregnant and he has no idea. Even Tesman’s aunt, Aunt Julle, picked up upon this very noticeable change in Hedda, yet Hedda dismissed her with curt replies. SparkNotes (2009) even commented the tyranny of Hedda over Tesman’s household, wherein Berte, the maid, is scared of not being able to please her, and Aunt Julle is tormented by her. Tesman lived to do his wife’s every bidding. In fact, Tesman did everything he can to make sure that they afford the lavish house they are living in, just because Hedda happened to mention that she would want to live in that particular house. When further analysis from SparkNotes (2009) revealed that Hedda only said she wanted that house because she cannot think of anything else to say. To Hedda the house is a joke, a sign of Tesman’s unwavering devotion and faithfulness, to Tesman, the house is a fulfillment of his wife’s wish. Along the play, Tesman followed his wife’s every bidding. There was in instance wherein Hedda was rude to Aunt Julle and Tesman reprimanded her afterwards. Still, basically Tesman’s role in the play was to follow Hedda’s wishes. When Hedda burned the novel of Ejlert Là ¶vborg, Tesman was delighted. He actually thought that Hedda did it because she wanted to help him advance in his academic profession, when in fact Hedda burned the novel because she didn’t want to be reminded of the romance between Ejlert and her. This is interesting to notice, seeing as in other cultures, it is actually discouraged that people from different social standings to marry. With Hedda and Tesman, it is plain that she had to adjust to a different lifestyle, and because of this, she was bored, and living with Tesman does not excite her, as she confides to Judge Brack. This brings me back to my original thesis: what provoked Hedda to marry Tasman, seeing that he is a man of lower class, and he cannot afford her lavish lifestyle? We could only grope Ibsen’s wisdom. Perhaps it is because through Tasman, Hedda can forget about her past relationship with Ejlert, or perhaps, through Tasman, Hedda can still indulge herself a playmate whom she can take advantage of. We can never be certain, until Ibsen partakes the real reason for the two’s matrimony. III – Secrets Revealed Throughout the play, there were numerous secrets disclosed. SparkNotes (2009) mentions the secrets, such as Hedda taking advantage of all the men in the play, Hedda’s affair with Ejlert, which scarred the latter for life, the relationship between Mrs. Elvsted and Ejlert, among many others.   The author cleverly reveals each secret little by little, dragging the audience to the edge of their feet before giving the final picture. Throughout the play, the audience is captivated by how many more secrets will be revealed, and how will Hedda manipulate people to tell her what she wants to hear. I love the irony discussed with the last scene, wherein Aunt Julle returned to the household that is now filled with mourning, what with Aunt Rina’s passing and the horrible incident with Ejlert. Aunt Julle was very welcoming and still hints at Hedda for children, and was oblivious to the fact that so many changes happened within the home, and to pretend that nothing happened is otherwise insane. Yet the author was able to get away with such a tricky symbolism, as the audience is sure to applaud the wit and charisma Aunt Julle brings into the last scene. Also worth mentioning is the way Tasman was horrorstruck when he found out that his wife had burned Ejlert’s novel. However when he thought she was doing it out of love so that he will be able to secure the teaching post he so much wanted, he would have gladly embraced Hedda. How could someone be blinded so much by a manipulative woman? I’ve known that some people say that love is blind, but in Tesman’s case, the clichà © is very much overrated, seeing as she was fooling him in his own home. How can a man not see that his wife is pregnant, and yet would opt to commend on her new curves and new body? Does he not see the baby that is growing in Hedda’s belly? With this, perhaps the pregnancy is the reason why Hedda is manipulative and very sarcastic. Women who are pregnant are prone to mood swings and irrational thinking, yet what would contribute to Hedda’s dark nature? Is she really being sarcastic and arrogant because of her proud upbringing, or is she acting this way because she is pregnant and she has no feelings for the child in her womb and with the baby’s father? Overall the play is very satisfactory. Even in the ending wherein Hedda committed suicide, the audience could rest their breaths, knowing that Tasman is in the arms of a capable woman, Mrs. Elvsted. SparkNotes (2009) describes Mrs. Elvsted as a competent woman who bounces off from men to men, according to her needs. She met Mr. Elvsted by working for him, and afterwards they were married. With Ejlert, the Elvsteds hired him to be a tutor for their children, and Mrs. Elvsted turned out to be Ejlert’s assistant in his research and writing. After Hedda burned the novel, Mrs. Elvsted mentioned that she knew some parts of Ejlert’s manuscript because she helped him research for it. She and Tasman immediately tried to reconstruct the manuscript that Ejlert wrote. Now that Hedda is out of the picture, and the original author of the manuscript is also gone, then Mrs. Elvsted is free to make her move in regards to Tasman, and the two of them can prove to the audience that in their dreary old town, it is still possible for love to exist.

Differences Between the Wartime, Presidential, and Congressional Reconstruction Essay

There are similarities and differences between the Wartime, Presidential, and Congressional Reconstruction. Each had a purpose and plan. There was a major difference between the Republican President and Republican Congress that caused many conflicts. The Wartime Reconstruction actually started during the war. Lincoln in the beginning wanted settlement of blacks in countries or something known as repatriation. A major part of this Wartime Reconstruction was the Proclamation of Amnesty. What this did was offer a Presidential pardon to all Southern whites who took an oath of allegiance to the Union and accepted abolition of slavery. The only people that were excluded from this were Confederate official and high-ranking military officers. In states where ten percent of male population took the oath they would be able to reestablish a state government. This policy was carried out in Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee. This Wartime Reconstruction also included Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. This freed slaves in the states that were at war with the Union. Both President Lincoln and President Johnson wished to give back land to pardoned ex-Confederates. President Lincoln and Congress were similar in wanting to refute pardons to those who ill-treated or murdered captured black and white Union soldiers. They did agree on this matter. While President Lincoln only required ten percent of allegiance from past Confederates, Congress wanted the majority of white men in Confederate states to take the oath of allegiance. Lincoln was assassinated and Andrew Johnson took presidency. He favored harsh punishment for traitors. He issued two proclamations without help of Republicans. This was the Presidential Reconstruction. When he issued the two proclamations it caused a division. It covered official pardon for whites except Confederate officials and military officers worth more than twenty thousand dollars, and he names a provisional government for North Carolina. Only whites with amnesty could vote there. The South was disobedient and none of the state conventions enfranchised a single black. Johnson issued thirteen though sand five hundred Presidential pardons to those he earlier hoped to keep out. There were many ex-Confederates who were elected to Congress. Also the state legislatures in the south demoted blacks to a second class status, and this was known as the Black Codes. These codes states blacks were not allowed to vote, be on juries, testify against whites, could not interracially marry, and it was most unfair in Mississippi and South Carolina. Johnson like Lincoln wanted to restore the Union in as little time as possible. Congress comes in to play in December 1865. The Congress was made up mostly of Republicans and they refused to let past Confederates to take their seats in Congress at this time. This marked the beginning of Radical Reconstruction or sometimes known as Congressional Reconstruction. The president and the congress did not agree on many issues. Congress overrode President Johnson on the Civil Rights Act of 1866, The Fourteenth Amendment, and the Freedmen’s Bureau Bill. The Fourteenth Amendment spelled out rights of both black and white citizens as equal. It prolonged Federal powers for the enforcement of civil rights. States that approved the Fourteenth Amendment were considered reconstructed, and Tennessee did so. President Johnson advised other southern states to oppose doing this. Congress passed many laws to limit President Johnson’s powers. They passed the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 which set new procedures for readmission to the Union. Johnson did not agree with this act and resisted it. When President Johnson removed Edwin M. Stanton from the head of the War Departments Republicans were very upset. They charged Johnson with the Tenure of Office Act and Johnson was impeached. After President Johnson’s impeachment, the Fifteenth Amendmen t, which prohibited states from denying vote based on color, was ratified. This Radical Reconstruction was successful in passing the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteen Amendments. Congress also wanted married law affirmed in the South for the period of Reconstruction and they wanted to discipline ex-Confederates. President Lincoln and Congress did not agree with how many pardons President Johnson gave out. The Wartime Reconstruction, Radical or Congressional Reconstruction, and the Presidential Reconstruction all had their similarities and differences. Each was designed by someone different and had a specific plan and goal in mind. The differences between the president and congress caused many splits and problems. The Radical Reconstruction was most successful in my opinion.